Extremists eye ritual heart of Islam – The Times (behind Paywall) September 29, 2014 by Fulcrum History repeats itself in cycles. Every cycle repeats and replicates the folly of what went before. Ibn Khaldun, the 14th-century Muslim historian and founder of sociology, reached this conclusion after an extensive study of early Muslim history. Some of the evidence for his grand theory must have come from the history of Mecca. The Times 26 September 2014 FulcrumShareTweetShare